4th Grade History

Study Guide – Chapters 13 & 14

Battles

Fort Sumter

  1. the first battle of the Civil War
  2. it was over a fort located on a manmade island of rock
  3. it was there that the first shots of the Civil War were fired

Merrimac / Monitor

1.   a battle between Confederate and Union ironclads in which neither side was able to gain a victory

2.   the Union ironclad was named the Monitor

  1.   the Confederate ironclad was the Merrimac

Vicksburg – the battle which won control of the Mississippi River for the Union

Gettysburg

  1. a great cemetery now stands where this battle took place
  2. caused many casualties (deaths) on both sides
  3. where President Lincoln gave the famous Gettysburg Address
  4. turning point of the Civil War

Appomattox – where General Lee surrendered to General Grant

Facts to know

Slavery existed in the South. Large plantations were present in the South.

Factories were present in the North.

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.

  1. this machine removed the seed from the cotton plant much faster than by hand
  2. this machine helped supply a greater supply of cotton
  3. this machine made a big difference in picking cotton in the South

Transcontinental Railroad

  1. built by the Union Pacific Company and the Central Pacific Company
  2. brought the East closer to the West
  3. the two tracks met in Promontory Point, Utah

Two important results of the Civil War

  1. no state could leave the Union (the U.S.)
  2. there would be no more slavery in the United States

The Homestead Act promised 160 acres to anyone who would farm the land for five years.

The West was the only frontier remaining to be settled in the middle of the 1800’s

Important names and places

Confederate States of America – the name used by the Confederacy (South) during the Civil War

Rebels – the nickname for the Confederate soldiers

Richmond – the Confederate capital during the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation – President Lincoln wrote this important statement in which he announced the freedom of the slaves

Jefferson Davis – President of the Confederate States

Ulysses S. Grant – the general who led the Union Army to victory

Yankees – the nickname for the Union soldiers

Robert E. Lee – the general who led the Confederate Army

Andrew Johnson – became president after Lincoln was assassinated

William T. Sherman – won fame as a Union general after capturing Atlanta

John Wilkes Booth – the man who murdered President Lincoln

Map work – study the states and capitals (10 are on the test)