4^th Grade History

Study Guide – Chapter 10

People

Crispus Attucks – a black patriot killed at the Boston Massacre

Ethan Allen – the man who with the help of the Green Mountain Boys captured Fort Ticonderoga

George Rogers Clark – secured the Northwest Territory for America

General Cornwallis – leader of the British army who surrendered to George Washington at the end of the war

George III – King of England during the time of the American War for Independence

Nathan Hale – brave American spy who was killed by the British, he is famous for the words, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country"

John Hancock – the president of the Continental Congress and the first to sign the Declaration of Independence

Patrick Henry – stirred colonists into fighting for freedom from England with these words, "Give me liberty or give me death"

John Paul Jones – Scottish man who helped start the American navy, he is famous for the words, "I have not yet begun to fight"

Paul Revere and William Dawes – rode through towns warning people with these words,

"The British are coming!"

• Paul Revere was also a famous silversmith

George Washington – supreme commander of the American troops, famous for these words, "We have…to resolve to conquer or die"

Hessians – German soldiers hired by George III to fight the Americans

Minutemen – men prepared to fight at a minute’s notice

British soldiers nicknames – "lobster-backs" and "redcoats"

Patriots – American colonists who wanted independence from England

Tories – American colonists who remained loyal to the king of England

Facts to know

Boston Tea Party – after British taxes had been removed except the tax on tea, fifty colonists dressed like Indians and threw the tea into the Boston Harbor to show the king their anger at his taxes

Boston Massacre – a fight between angry colonists and British soldiers where five colonists were killed

Declaration of Independence – a paper signed on July 4, 1776, and sent to the king of England to let him know the colonists wanted to be a free country, no longer under his control

Stamp Act – a law stating that all colonists must pay a tax by buying a seal or stamp to put on all newspapers, marriage certificates, and other documents

Geography

Bunker Hill – where Americans proved they would be hard to beat, they dug trenches for protection

Saratoga – place known as the turning point of the war, this battle showed that the Americans could win

Trenton – place the Hessians were defeated on Christmas

Valley Forge – place where the Continental Army spent a hard winter (1777 – 1778)

Yorktown – place where the British surrendered to the Americans

Bay – a part of a body of water that reaches into the land, usually with a wide opening

Channel – a deep, narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water

Delta – land deposited at the mouth of a river

Gulf – a part of an ocean that reaches into the land, generally with a narrower opening than a bay

Lake – an inland body of water that is usually fresh

Plain – flat or level area of land

River – natural stream of water emptying into an ocean, lake, or another river

Source – where a river begins

Valley – a lowland between hills or mountains